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Analytical methods for characterization of the mineralogical constituents of the urinary stones and influence of various factors for its reoccurrence
Author : Ridhdhi laiya a,b, Pragnya A. Bhatt a, Anjani Bhatt a and Parimal Pau l*a,b
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ABSTRACT
Urinary stone disease is common worldwide but systematic study for characterization of its constituents, particularly for reoccurred stones, and its correlation with the patients’ dietary habit, metabolic disorder and other regional factors has not been much explored. Some of the areas, frequent recurrence of stones is common and therefore, we have undertaken analysis of the constituents of recurred stones and how its composition differs. For this purpose, 13 stones from five patients have been collected and analysed on the basis of powder XRD, FT-IR, TGA, SEM and EDX analysis. Powder XRD analysis suggests calcium oxalate monohydrate is the primary constituent of all stones, in addition to that a few of them also exhibit presence of calcium oxalate dihydrate and dolomite. IR study supported the composition suggested by XRD. TGA analysis exhibited loss of H2O, CO and CO2 at different temperatures and the mass loss is in agreement with the calculated values. SEM images exhibited morphology of the stones and EDX analysis confirmed the presence of calcium and other elements present in the stones. From powder XRD analysis, unit cell parameters and strain factor in the unit cell are calculated. The result obtained is discussed considering factors such as metabolic conditions, stone inhibitors, promoters, proteins etc.
KEYWORD
Urinary stone analysis, reoccurred stones, powder-XRD, SEM analysis, Whewellite and Weddellite